The Middle East Institute (MEI) is a prominent non-partisan non-profit think tank and cultural center based in Washington, D.C., serving as the oldest institution dedicated solely to the study of the modern Middle East. Founded in 1946 by George Camp Keiser, MEI researches and analyzes Middle East policy issues, providing expert policy analysis, language education, and a platform for Middle Eastern arts and culture. The institute aims to foster a deeper understanding between the United States and the Middle East through peer-reviewed research, hosting high-level conferences, and maintaining the Middle East Journal as its flagship academic publication. In recent years, under the leadership of Paul Salem and his successors, MEI has undergone significant growth and modernization, focusing on conflict resolution, regional security, and economic transitions via initiatives like the Syria Initiative and programs on countering violent extremism. MEI is primarily funded by foreign sources including the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia, and publishes annual audited financials, Form 990s, and reports publicly. It hosts the Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center (SQCC), which replaced the earlier Sultan Qaboos bin Said Research Center and promotes Omani-American cultural understanding under Executive Director Kathleen Ridolfo. However, its influence has faced scrutiny over foreign funding. In 2024, the institute settled a False Claims Act lawsuit for $718,558 following allegations of improperly receiving federal Paycheck Protection Program loans while engaging in policy advocacy.