The Iron Dome Funding Act, also referred to as the Iron Dome Funding Authorization, encompasses a series of U.S. congressional appropriations and supplemental bills that provide billions in funding for Israel's Iron Dome missile defense system, a short-range interceptor developed to protect against rocket attacks. First enacted in 2011 as part of broader defense aid packages, these acts have authorized billions of dollars in U.S. financial support to replenish and enhance the system, reflecting strong bipartisan commitment to U.S.-Israel security cooperation and framed as enhancing shared security interests. Key instances include the 2011 initial funding of $205 million, subsequent annual appropriations, and emergency supplemental bills such as the $1 billion allocation in 2021 amid escalations in Gaza conflicts. The legislation has been controversial, with debates over the level of U.S. aid to Israel, including a 2021 House vote where progressive Democrats opposed a funding bill, leading to reports of strained diplomatic relations and Israel considering recalling its ambassador. Proponents emphasize the system's role in saving lives and deterring threats, while critics question the prioritization of foreign military aid amid domestic needs.