George Soros (born György Schwartz on August 12, 1930, to non-observant Jewish parents in Budapest) is a Hungarian-American billionaire investor, financier, philanthropist, political donor, and philosopher. He survived the Nazi occupation of Hungary by posing as a Christian before fleeing to London in 1947, where he studied at the London School of Economics under philosopher Karl Popper, whose 'open society' concept shaped his later philanthropy. Soros moved to New York in 1956, pioneering the hedge fund industry through Soros Fund Management and the Quantum Fund, earning fame as 'The Man Who Broke the Bank of England' by netting $1 billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday crisis and becoming one of history's most successful hedge fund managers. He is the founder of the Open Society Foundations (OSF), to which he has donated over $32 billion, supporting global democratic and liberal initiatives, human rights, progressive causes, educational institutions like Central European University, and democratic transitions in post-communist Europe—some of which have been critical of Israeli policies. Known for funding liberal and progressive political causes and activism in the US and abroad, Soros has often been positioned as a foil to conservative donors like the Kochs. This has made him a lightning rod for controversy, frequently targeted by conservatives and nationalists worldwide with conspiracy theories; notably, Fox News commentator Glenn Beck accused him of being a puppet-master behind progressive movements, drawing antisemitism accusations from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). In 2023, Soros handed over control of his multi-billion dollar empire to his son, Alexander Soros.