Eva Sarah Moskowitz (born March 4, 1964, in New York City) is an American historian, politician, and prominent education reform advocate. She earned a B.A. in history from the University of Pennsylvania in 1985, followed by an M.A. in 1989 and a Ph.D. in American history from Johns Hopkins University in 1993, with her dissertation focusing on 19th-century American social history, particularly temperance movements. After brief academic stints, including as an adjunct professor at Vanderbilt University and assistant professor of history at the City University of New York, Moskowitz entered politics as a Democrat. She served on the New York City Council representing District 4 (covering midtown Manhattan and the Upper East Side) from 1999 to 2005, where she chaired both the Education Committee and the Governmental Operations Committee, gaining attention for aggressive investigations into city agencies like the Department of Education and sanitation department, earning both praise for oversight and criticism for confrontational style.

In 2006, Moskowitz founded the Success Academy Charter Schools, a network of tuition-free public charter schools in New York City, serving as its CEO. Under her leadership, the network has grown to over 40 schools educating more than 20,000 students, emphasizing rigorous academics, extended school days, and a 'no-excuses' discipline model, achieving high test scores but facing controversies over high student attrition rates, suspension policies, and allegations of selective enrollment practices that disadvantage students with disabilities or behavioral issues. A prominent advocate for education reform and school choice, she has influenced national education debates, testifying before Congress and authoring books like 'Mission Possible' (2012) on charter school successes. She briefly considered but declined an interview for U.S. Secretary of Education under President-elect Donald Trump in 2016. Her work has positioned her as a key figure in education reform networks, supported by philanthropists like Roger Hertog.