The Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S.1) is a comprehensive U.S. legislative proposal introduced in the 116th Congress to enhance American strategic interests in the Middle East. Sponsored by Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) on January 3, 2019, the bill combines elements from previous proposals and focuses on bolstering alliances against regional threats, particularly from Iran. Key provisions include authorizing increased military aid and weapons transfers to Israel, extending defense cooperation with Jordan, and imposing additional sanctions related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Iranian activities. It also addresses anti-boycott measures, allowing state and local governments to divest from entities engaging in boycotts against Israel, while establishing requirements for such divestment policies to ensure compliance with federal law.

The legislation emerged in the context of escalating tensions in the Middle East, including Iran's nuclear program, support for proxy groups, and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It builds on prior congressional actions from the 115th Congress, incorporating bills like the Israel Anti-Boycott Act and sanctions expansions. Although S.1 passed the Senate in February 2019, it did not advance further in the House, where a companion bill H.R. 336 was introduced but stalled. The act underscores U.S. bipartisan support for Israel and countering Iranian influence, reflecting broader foreign policy priorities during the Trump administration.

Critics, including some civil liberties groups, raised concerns about the bill's anti-boycott provisions potentially infringing on free speech, while supporters argued it was essential for national security and alliance strengthening. The proposal highlights networks of influence involving pro-Israel lobbying groups, defense contractors, and Middle East policy experts in shaping U.S. legislation.