Siemens AG is a German multinational technology and industrial manufacturing conglomerate headquartered in Munich, founded in 1847 as a small workshop by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske. It has evolved into Europe's largest engineering firm and a global leader in industrial automation, software, digitalization, and energy technology, with operations across diverse sectors including energy, healthcare, infrastructure, manufacturing, and rail transport. The company provides innovations in industrial automation, building automation, health technology, and high-speed rail solutions, and invests significantly in smart infrastructure, driving technological advancements such as smart grid systems, medical imaging equipment, and Industry 4.0 initiatives. It has significant operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) deployments worldwide. With a workforce exceeding 300,000 employees worldwide and a global reach spanning over 200 countries, Siemens has been historically involved in major infrastructure projects from early telegraph systems to modern digitalization. It maintains a strong focus on corporate responsibility, investing in renewable energy and digital health solutions, with sustainability goals aiming for carbon neutrality by 2030. Key subsidiaries like Siemens Healthineers and Siemens Energy operate independently. The company has faced controversies including a 2008 bribery scandal resulting in fines over €1 billion.