Robert Edward Rubin, born on August 29, 1938, in New York City, is an American attorney, investment banker, and public official. He graduated from Harvard College with an A.B. in economics in 1960 and earned an LL.B. from Yale Law School in 1964, after spending a year studying at the London School of Economics. Rubin began his professional career as an attorney at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York City before joining Goldman Sachs in 1966 as an associate in the risk arbitrage department, where he spent 26 years, rising to Vice Chairman and Co-Chief Operating Officer (1987-1990) and Co-Senior Partner and Co-Chairman (1990-1992). Following his tenure at Goldman Sachs, Rubin served as the Director of the National Economic Council under President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1995 and as the 70th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from 1995 to 1999. After his time as Treasury Secretary, he joined Citigroup as a senior advisor and later became chairman of its executive committee. Rubin has been involved in various philanthropic and advisory roles, including co-chairing the Council on Foreign Relations.