The Relocation of the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem refers to the 2018 Trump administration decision and implementation to move the U.S. diplomatic mission from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, recognizing the latter as Israel's capital and fulfilling a key pro-Israel campaign promise. The move enacted the Jerusalem Embassy Act, passed by Congress on 1995-11-08 and signed into law on 1995-11-14, which mandated recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital and embassy relocation but included a waiver provision for national security reasons, invoked every six months by prior presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama. On 2017-12-06, President Donald Trump announced the recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's undivided capital and ordered the embassy move. The new embassy opened on 2018-05-14, coinciding with the 70th anniversary of Israel's independence, initially using a temporary facility. The policy provoked widespread international condemnation for prejudging final-status negotiations in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and undermining Palestinian claims to East Jerusalem. Deadly protests erupted in Gaza, with over 60 Palestinians killed by Israeli forces on opening day. South Africa condemned the move, recalled its ambassador from Israel, and downgraded its Tel Aviv mission to a liaison office in May 2018. Palestine filed its first ICJ case against the U.S., challenging the relocation and related aid cuts. The decision strained U.S. relations with some Arab allies but strengthened ties with Israel.