Paul Rosbaud (born November 18, 1896, in Graz, Austria; died January 28, 1963, in Oxford, England) was an Austrian chemist who studied at universities in Darmstadt and Berlin, attended trade school in Graz, and worked as a metallurgist and scientific adviser for Springer Verlag in Germany before and during World War II. He had a brother, Hans Rosbaud, a talented musician. Rosbaud enlisted in the Austrian Army in 1915 as a private, serving in the Battle of Caporetto in October 1917. During the war, he secretly spied for British intelligence under the codename 'Griffin' (or 'The Griffin'), becoming the longest-serving and best-placed agent inside Nazi Germany. He provided critical intelligence on scientific developments, including dispelling Allied fears of a German atomic bomb. His espionage story was revealed in 1986 by Arnold Kramish in the book 'The Griffin: The Greatest Untold Espionage Story of World War II.' After the war, Rosbaud relocated to Oxford, England, where he worked as a scientific editor and co-founded Pergamon Press with Robert Maxwell.