The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security organization, with 57 participating States spanning North America, Europe, and Asia. Originally established as the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) through the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, it was renamed in 1994 and formally transitioned in 1995. Headquartered in Vienna, Austria, since 1995, the OSCE operates under a comprehensive security model encompassing three dimensions: politico-military (arms control, conflict prevention), economic and environmental cooperation, and the human dimension (human rights, democracy, rule of law). Decisions are made by consensus among equal participating States, with key institutions including the Forum for Security Cooperation, the Parliamentary Assembly, and specialized offices such as the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) in Warsaw, which conducts election observation missions worldwide; the Office of the High Commissioner on National Minorities in The Hague; and the Representative on Freedom of the Media in Vienna. The OSCE deploys over a dozen field operations and missions, primarily in South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia, supporting host countries in implementing commitments through projects on border management, counter-terrorism, human trafficking prevention, media freedom, and minority rights, while also addressing emerging threats like cybersecurity and organized crime. Additionally, the entity has been appointed by three U.S. Presidents as a delegate to the OSCE.