The Military Intelligence Directorate, commonly known as Aman (acronym for Agaf ha-Modi'in), is the central military intelligence body of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Established in 1950 by spinning off the Intelligence Department from the IDF General Staff, it was primarily composed of former members of the Haganah Intelligence Service, the pre-state Jewish paramilitary's intelligence arm. Aman operates as an independent service, separate from the IDF's ground forces, Navy, and Air Force, and plays a pivotal role in strategic intelligence gathering and assessment for Israel. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence to support national security, military operations, and strategic decision-making. Its core functions include signals intelligence (SIGINT) through elite units like Unit 8200, human intelligence (HUMINT), geospatial intelligence (GEOINT), and comprehensive strategic analysis. Aman's intelligence products inform IDF operations, government policy, and counterterrorism efforts, with a focus on threats from regional adversaries such as Iran, Hezbollah, and Hamas.

Aman has been involved in numerous high-profile operations and has subunits specializing in cyber intelligence, technological research, and production intelligence. It plays a pivotal role in Israel's defense strategy, contributing to preemptive actions and wartime assessments. However, Aman has faced significant criticism for intelligence failures, most notably during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where it underestimated Egyptian and Syrian military intentions, leading to heavy Israeli losses and subsequent inquiries that resulted in leadership changes. More recently, it has been accused of underestimating the threat from Hamas, contributing to the intelligence lapses preceding the October 7, 2023, attack, which prompted internal investigations and the resignation of its then-head, Aharon Haliva, in April 2024. These controversies highlight ongoing debates about Aman's analytical processes and warning mechanisms.

As part of the IDF, Aman maintains close ties with other Israeli intelligence agencies like Mossad and Shin Bet, forming a coordinated national intelligence community. Its personnel, often highly trained in technology and languages, include reservists and alumni who transition to influential roles in Israel's tech sector, fostering a network of influence in cybersecurity and innovation.