Mary Kurtz Rosenwald (1902-1981) was a Russian-born American professional violinist and prominent philanthropist known for her humanitarian efforts, particularly in Jewish causes. Born in Russia around the early 1900s into a musical family, she was the sister of renowned conductor Efrem Kurtz, conductor Edmund Kurtz, and Arved Kurtz, who headed the New York College of Music. Fleeing the Russian Revolution in her youth, Mary later escaped Nazi Germany as a Jewish refugee, eventually settling in the United States where she pursued a career as a violinist before shifting focus to philanthropy. Married to William J. Rosenwald, heir to the Sears, Roebuck fortune and a key figure in Jewish charitable organizations, Mary co-founded and actively supported the United Jewish Appeal (UJA), focusing on aiding Jewish communities worldwide, especially post-Holocaust refugees. She channeled resources through family foundations, contributing to cultural, educational, and welfare initiatives while engaging in fundraising and organizational work. Her work extended to broader humanitarian causes, reflecting her personal experiences as a refugee. Mary was the mother of Nina Rosenwald, who later became a notable activist and philanthropist continuing the family legacy. Mary passed away on October 7, 1981, at her home in Manhattan at the age of 79, leaving a legacy of musical talent and charitable impact. Her story highlights the resilience of Jewish émigrés who integrated into American society while maintaining ties to their heritage through music and philanthropy, exemplifying the intersections of music, migration, and philanthropy in 20th-century Jewish American history.