Judith Miller is an American journalist and author who was a reporter for The New York Times from 1977 to 2005, specializing in national security, intelligence, terrorism, and the Middle East. She gained prominence for multiple front-page articles on weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) in the lead-up to the 2003 Iraq War, drawing heavily on sources including Iraqi National Congress defectors; her reporting contributed to the public case for the invasion and was later criticized as flawed and reliant on unreliable sources, which helped foster public misconceptions that influenced the war decision. Miller was part of New York Times coverage that received a Pulitzer Prize in 2002 for explanatory reporting on Al Qaeda. She was also central to the Valerie Plame CIA leak investigation: she received information from Lewis "Scooter" Libby, was subpoenaed, and in 2005 spent 85 days in jail for refusing to reveal her confidential sources. Miller left The New York Times in 2005 amid these controversies and subsequently worked as a Fox News contributor, authored books on intelligence and terrorism, and continued to provide commentary on national security issues.