Judicial Watch is an American conservative activist group and nonprofit watchdog organization founded in 1994 by attorney Larry Klayman. Organized as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, it promotes government transparency and accountability by filing Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests and bringing subsequent litigation—including FOIA lawsuits—to investigate alleged misconduct, corruption, waste, and abuse by government officials, federal agencies, and elite institutions. Since 2003 the organization has been led by Tom Fitton as president.

Judicial Watch claims to be nonpartisan but its activities have predominantly targeted Democratic administrations and figures, including those of Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton, while it has also pursued cases involving the George W. Bush administration. It has styled itself as a media outlet, producing reports and commentary on its investigations. Notable efforts include litigation and public reporting on the Clinton email controversy, alleged IRS targeting of conservative groups, and various Obama-era policies.

The organization has achieved some successes through court-ordered disclosures but has also faced criticism for initiating numerous lawsuits that critics describe as frivolous or politically motivated. Financially supported by donations, Judicial Watch maintains a significant legal team and has been involved in high-profile cases that influence public discourse and contribute to broader networks of conservative advocacy.