Joseph Foxman (born Iosif Fuksman, 1905) was a Polish Jewish Holocaust survivor and the father of Abraham H. Foxman, longtime national director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL). From a family with Chasidic tendencies that manufactured textiles, Joseph received extensive education — from yeshiva to gymnasium to university. He worked as a journalist and served as editor of a revisionist Zionist newspaper, being an admirer of Ze'ev Jabotinsky. He married Helen (Yelena), who came from a wealthy, religiously observant Orthodox Jewish family that owned a yarn factory, and the couple settled in Warsaw. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the family moved eastward, eventually reaching Baranovichi (now Belarus) where their only son Abraham was born on May 1, 1940. When Nazi forces occupied the region, Joseph and Helen made the agonizing decision in 1941 to entrust their infant son to his Polish Catholic nanny, Bronisława Kurpi, who had the child baptized as Henryk Stanisław Kurpi to protect him. Joseph survived the Vilna ghetto, endured multiple labor camps, hid in forests, and was sheltered by a Lithuanian rescuer before returning to Vilna in 1945. Helen escaped the ghetto by posing as a Pole and found work to support their son and the nanny during the war. After liberation, the family reunited in Vilna, though a prolonged custody battle ensued as the nanny was reluctant to return Abraham. Joseph's extended family suffered devastating losses — his parents and 13 aunts and uncles perished in the Holocaust. The family emigrated, passing through Palestine before settling in the United States in 1950, where they changed their surname from Fuksman to Foxman. Joseph later recorded his wartime experiences in a handwritten Yiddish manuscript. Discovered posthumously by Abraham among his father's personal effects, the memoir was translated into English and published by Yad Vashem in 2011 as "In the Shadow of Death."