John Carroll Williams, born June 12, 1962, in Weaverville, California, is an American economist with a distinguished career in monetary policy and central banking. He earned a B.A. in mathematical economics from the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1984, and a Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University in 1990. Early in his career, Williams held research and academic positions, including at Stanford University, the University of California, Santa Cruz, the Australian National University, and the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, D.C. He later served as executive vice president and director of research at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco before becoming its president and CEO from 2011 to 2018. Since June 2018, Williams has been the president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, succeeding William C. Dudley, and in this role, he serves ex officio as vice chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). His research contributions focus on monetary policy, inflation dynamics, learning in macroeconomics, and economic modeling. Williams has been involved in various advisory roles and is recognized for bridging academic economics with practical policymaking at the Federal Reserve.