Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (May 31, 1912 – September 1, 1983) was a prominent American politician and lawyer who served as a U.S. Representative from Washington from 1941 to 1953 and as a U.S. Senator from Washington from 1953 until his death in 1983. Born in Everett, Washington, to Norwegian immigrant parents, he earned the nickname "Scoop" as a young newspaper boy. Jackson graduated with a law degree from the University of Washington in 1935 and was Snohomish County prosecuting attorney from 1938 to 1940 before entering national politics at age 28.

A Democratic Cold War liberal and hawk known for staunch anti-communism and a hardline foreign policy, Jackson championed strong national defense, vigorous support for Israel, and human rights. He notably sponsored the 1974 Jackson–Vanik amendment, which tied U.S. trade benefits to Soviet emigration policies affecting Jews. Domestically, he advocated for civil rights, labor unions, social welfare programs, and environmental protections, including helping create North Cascades National Park.

Jackson's Senate offices became known as a "nursery for neoconservatives," and his mentorship and policy orientation helped shape a generation of conservative foreign-policy figures, including Richard Perle, Paul Wolfowitz, Elliott Abrams, Douglas Feith, and John Gaffney. His influence spanned multiple presidential administrations and he played key roles in defense and foreign policy legislation, though his hawkish stance created tensions within the Democratic Party. He sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1972 and 1976 but was unsuccessful.

Jackson died suddenly of a heart attack on September 1, 1983, at age 71. His legacy includes the Henry M. Jackson Foundation, schools named in his honor, and his posthumous award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1984.