Harmeet Kaur Dhillon is an American conservative lawyer, civil rights attorney, and Republican Party official. Born in Chandigarh, India, in 1969 to a Punjabi Sikh family, she moved with her family to London and later to Raleigh, North Carolina, where her father pursued a career as an orthopedic surgeon. Dhillon graduated from Dartmouth College with a Bachelor of Arts in history in 1990 and earned her Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1994. Following law school, she clerked for Judge Paul V. Niemeyer on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and worked at the international law firm Shearman & Sterling from 1994 to 2006. In 2006, she founded the Dhillon Law Group in San Francisco, specializing in civil rights, constitutional law, employment, and business litigation, often representing conservative clients in high-profile free speech, election-related, and censorship cases.

Dhillon has been active in Republican politics, serving as vice chair of the California Republican Party from 2013 to 2017 and as a Republican National Committeewoman for California from 2017 onward. In 2012, she ran as a Republican candidate for the California State Senate District 11 but was unsuccessful. She gained national prominence for her legal work, including lawsuits against social media companies over censorship and representation of clients in controversies involving Big Tech and election integrity. In December 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated her to serve as U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division, a position she assumed in 2025, marking her transition into a prominent federal role focused on enforcing civil rights laws.

Known for her advocacy on issues like religious freedom, Second Amendment rights, and opposition to what she describes as 'woke' corporate policies, Dhillon has been a vocal critic of progressive ideologies and has litigated cases involving discrimination against conservatives. Her career reflects a blend of private practice zeal and political engagement, positioning her as a key figure in conservative legal networks.