Joseph Graham 'Gray' Davis Jr. (born December 26, 1942, in the Bronx, New York) is a former Governor of California (1999-2003) who was recalled from office in 2003, becoming only the second U.S. governor in history to be removed via recall election. His political career began in the 1970s, serving as chief of staff to Democratic U.S. Senator Alan Cranston (1975-1981) before being elected to the California State Assembly (1982-1986). He later served as Lieutenant Governor of California (1994-1998) under Governor Pete Wilson, becoming the first Democrat in that role in over 20 years. Davis also served briefly as chief of staff to President Bill Clinton in 2000 during a transition period. His governorship was marked by priorities in education funding, environmental protection, and infrastructure, but faced severe challenges including the 2000-2001 California electricity crisis, rolling blackouts, and a massive state budget deficit. After leaving office, he remained involved in Democratic politics as an advisor and fundraiser while focusing on philanthropy and education reform.