The Government of Turkey is the national government of the Republic of Turkey, established as a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. It encompasses the collective set of central institutions responsible for governance, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the Cabinet led by the President. The government handles domestic policy, foreign affairs, defense, economy, public services, and international relations. It traces its origins to the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the Turkish War of Independence. The current system was significantly reformed in 2017 with a constitutional referendum that transitioned from a parliamentary to a presidential system, granting the President expanded executive powers.