The Emergency Committee for Israel (ECI) is a right-wing, neoconservative nonprofit political advocacy organization in the United States, founded in July 2010. It operates as a 501(c)(4) entity focused on promoting robust U.S. support for Israel through advertising campaigns, lobbying efforts, and public pressure tactics. ECI emerged amid concerns over President Barack Obama's policies perceived as critical of Israel, as a response to what its founders saw as insufficiently supportive stances toward Israel in U.S. politics. The group is known for its aggressive strategies, including running advertisements that portray political opponents as hostile to Israel, and has been described as a militarist pressure group aiming to influence U.S. foreign policy in favor of strong pro-Israel positions. ECI's activities include targeted ad campaigns against candidates deemed insufficiently supportive of Israel, such as opposition to U.S. Senate candidate Joe Sestak and House candidates Rush D. Holt, Jr., Mary Jo Kilroy, and John F. Tierney during its early operations. In October 2011, it produced a video linking the Occupy Wall Street movement to anti-Semitism. The organization frequently attacks politicians who question U.S. military aid to Israel or advocate for diplomatic engagement with Palestinians, employing tactics to shape public and political discourse on Israel-related issues. As a 501(c)(4), ECI can engage in political advocacy without disclosing donors, allowing it to operate with significant financial flexibility in influencing elections and policy. Key figures associated with ECI include founding member William Kristol, a prominent neoconservative commentator, and board member Gary Bauer, a conservative activist who has received awards from pro-Israel groups. The organization's efforts align with broader networks of influence in U.S. conservative and pro-Israel circles, including ties to initiatives like the Project for the New American Century. ECI continues to advocate for policies emphasizing U.S. military and diplomatic backing for Israel, often in response to perceived threats or shifts in American foreign policy.