Citizens United v. FEC refers to the landmark 2010 Supreme Court decision that loosened campaign finance restrictions, allowing unlimited corporate and union spending in elections through independent expenditures. The case originated when Citizens United, a conservative nonprofit advocacy organization founded in 1988, sought to distribute its documentary film 'Hillary: The Movie' without violating federal election laws. The 5-4 Supreme Court ruling struck down parts of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, effectively enabling unlimited independent expenditures by corporations, unions, and other groups in support of or opposition to political candidates. This decision has been widely credited with enabling the rise of super PACs and transforming campaign finance in the United States. Beyond the court case, Citizens United operates as a 501(c)(4) social welfare organization that promotes conservative political causes through media production, litigation, and grassroots activism, engaging in issue advocacy and producing content critical of liberal policies and figures. The organization has been involved in numerous controversies regarding corporate influence in politics and has sparked ongoing debates about corporate personhood and the First Amendment.