The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) is a U.S. State Department bureau and member of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC), serving as the oldest civilian U.S. intelligence agency. It is responsible for all-source intelligence analysis, including public opinion research, geographic analysis, and 24/7 monitoring via INR Watch and the National and Nuclear Risk Reduction Center. Descended from the OSS Research and Analysis Branch, it was reorganized into its current form under Secretary George Marshall in 1947. Despite its small size and limited resources, INR is highly regarded for the quality of its analysis and is notable for providing dissenting views, such as on the Iraq WMD aluminum tubes in 2002 (later validated) and the predicted rapid fall of Kyiv in 2022 (incorrect).