The Bank of Israel serves as the central bank of the State of Israel, responsible for monetary policy, banking supervision, and financial stability. It is tasked with maintaining price stability, supporting economic growth, and ensuring the stability of the financial system. The bank issues the Israeli shekel (NIS), regulates commercial banks, acts as the government's banker and fiscal agent, and manages Israel's foreign exchange reserves. It operates independently in monetary policy decisions while coordinating with the government on broader economic matters. Headquartered in Jerusalem's Kiryat HaMemshala neighborhood with a branch in Tel Aviv, the bank is governed by a board led by the Governor, currently Amir Yaron (in office since 2018). Its activities include conducting economic research, supervising payment systems, international cooperation through organizations like the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), and implementing monetary tools such as interest rate adjustments and quantitative easing to address inflation, recessions, and external shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. The Bank of Israel also promotes financial inclusion, combats money laundering, enhances cybersecurity in the banking sector, and oversees major banks, investment funds, and financial markets. While generally respected for prudent management, it has faced occasional criticism regarding independence and policy responses to housing affordability and inequality issues.