Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr., known as 'Punch', was born on February 5, 1926, in New York City to Arthur Hays Sulzberger, a previous publisher of The New York Times, and Iphigene Ochs Sulzberger, daughter of the paper's founder Adolph Ochs. He attended Brown University but left in 1944 to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II, serving as a first lieutenant in the Pacific theater where he was wounded twice and awarded the Purple Heart. After the war, he joined the Times in 1948 as an assistant to the general manager, advancing through sales, production, and administrative roles. He was the publisher of The New York Times from 1963 to 1992 and chairman until 1997, playing a pivotal role in the paper's transformation by overseeing its transition to public ownership in 1967 amid financial pressures, expanding international bureaus, introducing color printing and new sections, and managing major labor disputes such as the 114-day printers' strike in 1962-1963. A fierce defender of First Amendment rights, he led the successful legal battle in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) to publish the Pentagon Papers despite a government injunction attempt. Father of Arthur Sulzberger Jr., he retired from active management in 1992 but remained influential until his death on September 29, 2012, at age 86 from a stroke.