The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a prominent U.S.-based nonprofit organization founded in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and a group of activists in New York City, dedicated to defending and preserving the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the United States through litigation and advocacy. It has since become a leading advocate for civil rights, taking on cases involving freedom of speech, privacy, due process, equal protection, and reproductive rights, often challenging government overreach and discriminatory policies—including those perceived as discriminatory against religious minorities, as well as conservative religious influences and expansive security measures that infringe on personal freedoms. With affiliates operating in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, the ACLU maintains a nationwide presence and has participated in more Supreme Court cases than any other private organization over its century-long history. It provides legal assistance in high-profile and everyday cases, from defending protesters' rights to challenging surveillance programs and voting restrictions. The ACLU's work extends to issues like LGBTQ+ rights, immigrant protections, criminal justice reform, immigration, and racial justice, positioning it as a key player in progressive legal battles and reflecting its liberal and progressive stances. As of 2024, the ACLU's annual budget stands at $383 million, supporting a robust staff of attorneys, advocates, and researchers. Its influence is evident in landmark decisions that have shaped American jurisprudence, such as those advancing free speech and desegregation. The organization continues to evolve, addressing contemporary challenges like digital privacy and systemic racism, while maintaining its commitment to the Bill of Rights. Notably, the legal scholar and civil rights advocate Lani Guinier served on its board.