The alt-right movement, also known as the alternative right, is a loosely organized far-right, white nationalist ideological faction that emerged in the United States during the late 2000s. It promotes white identity politics, anti-immigration sentiments, opposition to multiculturalism, and often incorporates elements of antisemitism, anti-feminism, and conspiracy theories. The term 'alt-right' was coined by Richard B. Spencer in 2008 as a rebranding of paleoconservative ideas to appeal to younger audiences through online platforms like 4chan, Reddit, and Twitter. The movement gained prominence during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, aligning with Donald Trump's campaign and receiving indirect support from figures like Steve Bannon, who described Breitbart News as the 'platform for the alt-right.' Key organizations associated with it include the National Policy Institute, founded by Spencer, which focuses on the 'heritage, identity, and future of people of European descent.' The alt-right has been criticized for promoting hate speech and has been linked to violent extremism, most notably the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, which resulted in the death of Heather Heyer and subsequent legal actions against participants. The movement's ideology draws from earlier white supremacist groups but uses internet memes, irony, and 'chic' presentations to mask overt racism, as described by Spencer. It rejects mainstream conservatism, attacking figures like Ben Shapiro for being insufficiently nationalist or too supportive of Israel. Post-2016, the alt-right fragmented due to deplatforming by social media companies, internal divisions, and backlash from events like Charlottesville, where Spencer and others faced lawsuits and investigations. In 2017, Spencer announced 'Operation Homeland' as an attempt to unify alt-right leaders, but the movement's influence waned amid FBI designations of associated groups as hate organizations. Despite this, remnants persist online, influencing broader far-right discourse and occasionally intersecting with international nationalist movements, such as Eurasianism via figures like Aleksandr Dugin.