Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, to Alois Hitler (born Alois Schicklgruber, 1837-1903), a customs official, and Klara Hitler (née Pölzl, 1860-1907). He had several siblings, including half-brother Alois Jr., half-sister Angela Raubal, and full sister Paula Hitler. The family moved frequently, including to Passau (1892-1894), Lambach (1894-1895), and Leonding near Linz (1898-1905). He attended primary school in Fischlham and Urfahr, then Realschule in Linz (1900-1904) and Steyr (1904-1905), where he was a poor student, repeated a year, and dropped out at age 16 without qualifications. Aspiring to be an artist, he moved to Vienna in 1907, was rejected twice by the Academy of Fine Arts (1907, 1908), and lived in homeless shelters while painting and selling postcards (1909-1913). During World War I, he volunteered for the Bavarian Army in 1914, served as a dispatch runner on the Western Front, was wounded at the Somme (1916), temporarily blinded by gas at Ypres (1918), promoted to corporal, and awarded the Iron Cross Second Class (1914) and First Class (1918). Politically, he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP) in 1919, which became the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP/Nazi Party) in 1920, and he became its leader. He led the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich (1923), was imprisoned for nine months (convicted of high treason, sentenced to five years), and wrote Mein Kampf. The Nazi Party grew amid Weimar Republic instability and the Great Depression, becoming the largest party by 1932. Appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933, with support from conservative elites, he consolidated power through the Reichstag Fire Decree, Enabling Act, and Night of the Long Knives (1934), becoming Führer in August 1934 after Hindenburg's death. He rearmed Germany, annexed Austria (1938), and invaded Poland (1939), starting World War II. As dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, he was responsible for the Holocaust—the systematic murder of 6 million Jews and millions of others—as well as Operation Barbarossa and defeats at Stalingrad and Normandy. His ideology was antisemitic and anti-communist, outlined in Mein Kampf; he was a vegetarian from the 1930s for health reasons, had a relationship with Eva Braun (married April 29, 1945), and suffered declining health including Parkinson's symptoms and amphetamine use. The regime suspended civil liberties, including mail and telephone privacy via the 1933 Reichstag Fire Decree. Amid controversies including responsibility for World War II (50-80 million deaths) and war crimes/crimes against humanity (contextualized in postwar Nuremberg Trials), he died by suicide on April 30, 1945, in the Berlin Führerbunker during the Soviet advance.