Adalah (Arabic for 'justice' or 'equality') is a non-governmental organization and legal center dedicated to promoting and defending the rights of the Arab minority in Israel, which constitutes about 20% of the country's population. Founded in 1996, it focuses on discrimination and equality issues through advocacy and litigation, challenging Israeli laws and policies deemed discriminatory through strategic litigation in Israeli courts, the Supreme Court, and international bodies like the United Nations. The organization provides legal services, advocacy, and litigation on behalf of Palestinian citizens of Israel and Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, addressing issues such as discrimination in housing, education, land rights, and criminal justice, as well as advocating against military overreach and unlawful surveillance practices targeting Palestinian citizens and residents. Adalah has been involved in numerous high-profile cases, including challenges to the Nation-State Law of 2018, which it argues institutionalizes Jewish supremacy and undermines minority rights, and legal challenges against military units like Unit 8200. It also critiques military actions and occupation policies, advocating for equality and against what it describes as systemic apartheid-like practices. Adalah operates as an independent entity, funded primarily through international grants, and maintains a network of lawyers and researchers who document violations and produce reports that influence policy debates and media coverage. The organization has faced criticism from Israeli authorities and pro-Israel groups, who accuse it of anti-Israel bias and supporting terrorism. Despite controversies, Adalah is recognized internationally for its role in advancing minority rights and has contributed to legal precedents that expand protections for marginalized communities. Its work extends to public education and coalition-building with other civil society groups to amplify Arab voices in Israeli society.